| 1519 | | 8 Nov:
New Spain is founded. This includes much of North, South and Central America.GMU npr |
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| 1521 | | 13 Aug:
Tenochtitlán falls to Cortés' conquistadors.KWWL npr |
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| 1539 | | 1 Jun:
Hernando de Soto makes landfall in Florida beginning his exploration of North America.PGHMS HMdb |
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| 1541 | | 8 May:
Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi.AotC tGLIoAH |
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| 1542 | | 21 May:
Hernando de Soto dies of a fever of the banks of the Mississippi but the expedition goes on.MM&P FE |
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| 1565 | | 8 Sep:
The oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement within the borders of the continental United States, St. Augustine, Florida, is founded.SA LOC |
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| | 20 Sep:
Spanish forces capture the French Huguenot settlement of Fort Caroline in the first European battle on American soil.SIMag PG |
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| 1570 | | 10 Sep:
Spanish Jesuits land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived Ajacán Mission.EVA GoogleBooks |
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| 1582 | | 4 Oct:
The Gregorian calendar is introduced. The next day is October 15th.Britannica UFL |
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| 1618 | | 23 May:
The Thirty Years War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, is initiated when the Holy Roman Emperor attempts to force Catholicism on most of Europe, and ends with the Peace of Westphalia.OSU CT |
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| 1648 | | 24 Oct:
The Thirty Years War ends with the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia.LoC Avalon |
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| 1713 | | 11 Apr:
The Treaty of Utrecht is signed ending the War of the Spanish Succession, also known as Queen Anne's War in North America.CHNC CBC |
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| 1762 | |
| 1763 | |
| 1777 | | 29 Nov:
The first pueblo in California is established as San Jose, or El Pueblo de San Jose de Guadelupe.SJPL SJ.gov |
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| 1803 | |
Nueva España
