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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1613 |
- 21 Feb 1613—15 Mar 1917: The Romanov Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia, begins when 16 year old Mikhail Romanov is elected as Czar.Russiapedia Hillwood
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| 2 | 1830 |
- 26 Jun 1830—20 Jun 1837: William IV. Ruler of England 1830-1837. House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.HistoricUK
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| 3 | 1837 |
- 26 Jan 1837: Michigan becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 25 Feb 1837: Thomas Davenport receives a patent for the first practical DC electric motor.W I R E D MagLab
- 24 Mar 1837: Black men are granted the right to vote in Canada.BF
- 5 Jun 1837: Houston, Texas is incorporated as a city.TSHA HPOU
- 20 Jun 1837—22 Jan 1901: Victoria. Ruler of England 1837-1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort.HistoricUK
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| 4 | 1838 |
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| 5 | 1839 |
- 24 Feb 1839: William Otis receives a patent for his steam shovel, a device that will shape the world.Google Books MFSW
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| 6 | 1840 |
- 20 Jun 1840: Samuel Morse patents a system of dots and dashes used for telegraph communication - Morse Code.W I R E D SIMag
- 2 Dec 1840: William Henry Harrison is elected the 9th president of the United States of America. He dies of pneumonia on 4 Apr 1841 - the first President to die in office.PG USEA
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| 7 | 1841 |
- 20 Jan 1841: China cedes Hong Kong to Britain which remains in British hands until 1997.History.com HK
- 4 Apr 1841: John Tyler becomes the 10th president of the United States of America upon the death of President William Henry Harrison. He serves from 1841 - 1845.WH LSU
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| 8 | 1842 |
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| 9 | 1843 |
- 1 Feb 1843: MONY, the oldest continuous writer of insurance policies in the U. S. begins operation.FU 1Lib
- 19 Jul 1843: The SS Great Britain, the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic, is launched in Bristol, England.Nature ASME
- 13 Oct 1843: The B'nai B'rith is founded in New York City.PM B'nai B'rith
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| 10 | 1844 |
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| 11 | 1845 |
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| 12 | 1846 |
- 4 Feb 1846—13 Jun 1846: Brigham Young and 3000 Mormons leave Nauvoo, Illinois on the first leg of their journey, heading for Utah.PBS NPS
- 25 Apr 1846—2 Feb 1848: Mexican-American War 1846-1848.AHC PBS
- 13 May 1846: President James K. Polk signs a declaration of war against Mexico.UVA USState
- 14 Jun 1846: Anglo-Californians rebel against Mexican rule in the Bear Flag Revolt.BFM NPS
- 10 Aug 1846: The Smithsonian Institute is founded.SI USNA
- 10 Sep 1846: Elias Howe Jr. patents his sewing machine.ASME SI
- 23 Sep 1846: The planet Neptune is discovered.EarthSky" Astronomy
- 30 Sep 1846: Dentist William Morton uses ether to anesthetize a patient in Boston which begins its use for general anesthesia.W I R E D ASA
- 28 Dec 1846: Iowa becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
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| 13 | 1847 |
- 4 Jan 1847: Samuel Colt makes the first sale of his revolver to the U. S. government.History.com UTX
- 13 Jan 1847: The signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga puts an end to the fighting in the Mexican-American War in California.KCET NXTGOV
- 9 Mar 1847—29 Mar 1847: The American military attack the Mexican city of Veracruz.SotS UTA
- 5 Apr 1847—24 Jul 1847: Brigham Young leads the first Mormon wagon train bound for Utah on the final leg of their journey.Utah NPS
- 5 May 1847: The American Medical Association is founded.NEJM AMJMS
- 1 Oct 1847: Maria Mitchell is the first American to record a comet sighting.NEHS Nature
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| 14 | 1848 |
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| 15 | 1849 |
- 23 Jan 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman in the U. S. to receive a medical doctorate.NIH LoC
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| 16 | 1850 |
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| 17 | 1851 |
- 12 Aug 1851: Isaac Merritt Singer is granted a patent for a sewing machine.SI PG
- 22 Aug 1851: The yacht America wins the first America's Cup.LoC NYYC
- 14 Nov 1851: Moby Dick is first published in the U. S..Melville NBWM
- 24 Dec 1851: A fire at the Library of Congress destroys nearly two thirds of the books purchased from Thomas Jefferson.LoC AoC
- 29 Dec 1851: The first American YMCA is founded in the Old South Church in Boston, Massachusetts.YMCA UMN
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| 18 | 1852 |
- 16 Feb 1852: Henry and Clement Studebaker found a blacksmith and wagon building business, the company that will eventually produce that famous car.MotorTrend SILib
- 20 Mar 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published.NCC SIMag
- 28 Apr 1852: The first municipal electric fire alarm system using call boxes with automatic signaling to indicate the location of a fire was placed into operation in Boston, Massachusetts.ETHW CI
- 2 Nov 1852: Franklin Pierce is elected the 14th president of the United States of America, 1853 - 1857.NEHS KCET
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| 19 | 1853 |
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| 20 | 1854 |
- 28 Mar 1854—1 Apr 1856: Britain and France declare war on Russia beginning their involvement in the Crimean War.SLSA HK
- 29 Apr 1854: The Ashmun Institute, the first black college, is chartered in Pennsylvania.Lincoln Columbia
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| 21 | 1855 |
- 28 Jan 1855: A train runs from the Atlantic Ocean across the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean for the first time.PCM SBH&RM
- 8 Mar 1855: The first train crosses the Niagara Railway Suspension Bridge, the first such bridge in the U. S..NFT NG
- 2 Jun 1855: The Portland Rum Riot begins.MHS NEHS
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| 22 | 1856 |
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| 23 | 1857 |
- 23 Mar 1857: Elisha Otis installs the first modern passenger elevator in a public building, at a department store in New York City.W I R E D TIME
- 19 May 1857: An electromagnetic fire alarm telegraph system is patented by William Channing of Boston and Moses Farmer of Salem, Massachusetts.SI GP
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| 24 | 1858 |
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| 25 | 1859 |
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| 26 | 1860 |
- 22 Feb 1860: More than 20,000 shoemakers go on strike in Lynn, Massachusetts.MassMoments PEM
- 3 Apr 1860—26 Oct 1861: The Pony Express mail delivery service is established.PX NPX
- 29 Jun 1860: The final stone is laid completing the Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, still in use today.US-L H2G2
- 18 Jul 1860: The first photographs of a solar eclipse are taken.HA EclipseMaps
- 6 Nov 1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th president of the United States of America, 1861 - 1865.SIMag LoC
- 20 Dec 1860: Confederate States begin to secede from the Union.Tulane SI
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| 27 | 1861 |
- 29 Jan 1861: Kansas becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 4 Feb 1861: The Confederate States of America is formed.CWH LoVA
- 18 Feb 1861: Jefferson Davis becomes the President of the Confederate States of America.ACW LoC
- 19 Feb 1861: Serfdom is abolished in Russia by Alexander II.SHU LoC
- 28 Feb 1861—1 Aug 1876: Colorado Territory is organized.COEnc Politico
- 12 Apr 1861—14 Apr 1861: Fort Sumter is attacked.
NPS
LoC
- 21 Jul 1861: The first major land battle of the Civil War occurs, the first Battle of Bull Run.USSenate ABT
- 5 Aug 1861: President Abraham Lincoln imposes the first income tax in order to afford the Civil War.NCC NPS
- 19 Nov 1861: The U. S. exports its first oil shipments to London.AOGHS
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| 28 | 1862 |
- 9 Mar 1862: The first naval engagement between ironclad ships, the USS Monitor fights the CSS Virginia to a draw.ACW NPS
- 8 Apr 1862: John D. Lynde receives the first patent for an aerosol dispenser.DC GooglePatents
- 20 Apr 1862: The first pasteurization test, aimed at disproving the theory of spontaneous generation and proving food could be preserved by applied heat, is completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard.HP AZDHS
- 29 Apr 1862: Union Admiral David Farragut forces the surrender of New Orleans, Louisiana.History.com HoW
- 15 May 1862: The United States Department of Agriculture is established.USDA USNA
- 1 Jul 1862: The Revenue Act of 1862 establishes the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, what will become the IRS in 1918.USNA Treasury
- 4 Nov 1862: Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun ushering in the age of high powered weaponry.IN GooglePatents
- 5 Nov 1862: More than 300 Santee Sioux are sentenced to hang in Minnesota.History.com NDStudies
- 13 Dec 1862: Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee defeat the Union forces under Ambrose Burnside, who abandoned his campaign 2 days later.LoC ABT
- 26 Dec 1862: 38 members of the Sioux nation are executed in Mankato, Minnesota in the largest mass hanging in U. S. history.UNA UDM
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| 29 | 1863 |
- 1 Jan 1863: The Emancipation Proclamation is issued.USNA OurDocs
- 10 Jan 1863: The first stretch of the London Underground opens.Telegraph DM
- 3 Mar 1863: The National Academy of Sciences is established.NAS Harvard
- 20 Jun 1863: West Virginia becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 1 Jul 1863—3 Jul 1863: Confederate forces meet Union forces at the Battle of Gettysburg.NPS ABT
- 13 Jul 1863: The New York City Draft Riots begin.UChicago CUNY
- 17 Sep 1863—18 Sep 1863: The Battle of Antietam gives the Union a "victory", even though it is militarily a draw.ABT NPS
- 3 Oct 1863: Lincoln issues his Thanksgiving Day Proclamation establishing Thanksgiving as the last Thursday in November.NPS WAPO
- 19 Nov 1863: President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address.LoC
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| 30 | 1864 |
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| 31 | 1865 |
- 1 Feb 1865: President Abraham Lincoln signs the 13th Amendment which abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.LoC OurDocs
- 8 Feb 1865: Gregor Mendel first presents his works on plant hybridization.Nature NIH
- 9 Apr 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant at the Appomattox Court House ending the Civil War.LoC USNA
- 14 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre.LoC Ford's
- 15 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot by John Wilkes Booth the previous day.PBS LoC
- 15 Apr 1865: Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th president of the United States of America upon President Lincoln's death. He serves from 1865 - 1869.NPS LoC
- 9 May 1865: Dr. Richard Gatling receives a patent for his machine gun.USNA SAWar
- 2 Jun 1865: Confederate forces west of the Mississippi sign the terms of surrender, officially ending the Civil War.NPS DC
- 19 Jun 1865: Union soldiers land at Galveston, Texas with news that the Civil War was over and that the enslaved were now free.SI PBS
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| 32 | 1866 |
- 27 Jul 1866: Cyrus W. Field finally succeeds in laying the first working trans-Atlantic Telegraph cable from Ireland to Newfoundland.N&LH PBS
- 6 Oct 1866: The Reno brothers pull off the first train robbery in the United States.History.com
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| 33 | 1867 |
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| 34 | 1868 |
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| 35 | 1869 |
- 11 Jan 1869: The synthesis of alizarin, the standard for red dyes and pigments, is announced as it is also being prepared in front of the audience.GoogleBooks
- 26 Feb 1869: Physician Friedrich Miescher reports that he isolated DNA from white blood cells, naming it nuclein.SciDir RalfDahm
- 6 Mar 1869: Dmitri Mendeleev presents his Periodic Table of Elements to the Russian Chemical Society.PopSci BYLib
- 10 May 1869: The first transcontinental railroad is complete when the Union and Central Pacific Railroads join rails in Promontory Summit, Utah.W-F CA
- 23 Jul 1869: The French-Atlantic cable is landed at Duxbury, Massachusetts.DRHS DH
- 16 Oct 1869: The Cardiff Giant, a 10 foot petrified body of a man, is "discovered" in Cardiff, New York.WRVO Hoaxes
- 3 Nov 1869: Ulysses S. Grant is elected the 18th president of the United States of America, 1869 - 1877.USEA
- 28 Dec 1869: William Semple of Mount Vernon, Ohio receives a patent for chewing gum.OHC OTC
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| 36 | 1870 |
- 3 Jan 1870: Ground is broken and construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins.GG NY
- 9 Feb 1870: President Ulysses S. Grant signs a joint resolution of Congress authorizing the Secretary of War to establish a national weather service.NOAA NWS
- 13 Apr 1870: The Metropolitan Museum of Art is incorporated in New York City.MetMuseum ArtNet
- 31 May 1870: The modern asphalt paving process is issued a patent.GoogleBooks McVey
- 22 Jun 1870: The U. S. Department of Justice is established.USNA DOJ
- 1 Nov 1870: The National Weather Service makes its first forecast.NWS PBS
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| 37 | 1871 |
- 27 Apr 1871: The American Museum of Natural History opens to the public.AMNH GoogleBooks
- 8 Oct 1871—10 Oct 1871: A fire starts in a barn that spreads into the Great Chicago Fire. Architecture
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| 38 | 1872 |
- 20 Feb 1872: New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art opens its doors to the public for the first time.TheMet ArtStor
- 10 Apr 1872: Nebraskans plant more than a million trees on the first Arbor Day.LoC ArborDay
- 9 Jul 1872: Sea captain, John F. Blondel of Thomaston, Maine, patents the doughnut cutter.tFT CBSNews
- 9 Nov 1872—10 Nov 1872: A great fire destroys structures across 65 acres in the city of Boston.BFHS LoC
- Dec 1872: The first Rand McNally map is published.NA.gov
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| 39 | 1873 |
- 20 May 1873: Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a patent for blue jeans with copper rivets.W I R E D LS&Co
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| 40 | 1874 |
- 10 Feb 1874: Lewis Latimer, the son of slaves and an inventor who worked closely with Edison on the incandescent light bulb, receives his first patent - a railroad car water closet.MassMoments RtG
- 16 May 1874: A dam bursts on the Mill River in western Massachusetts killing 139 people.MassMoments NEHS
- 7 Nov 1874: The first depiction of the Republican party as an elephant appears in Harper's Weekly in a Thomas Nast cartoon.SIMag LoC
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| 41 | 1875 |
- 9 Feb 1875: The first train passes through the Hoosac Tunnel, at the time, the second longest tunnel in the world.HT MassMoments
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| 42 | 1876 |
- 2 Feb 1876: The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, which comes to be more commonly known as the National League is formed.Reds SABR
- 7 Mar 1876: Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone.USNA PBS
- 10 Mar 1876: Alexander Graham Bell makes the first telephone call, telling his associate "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you".LoC W I R E D
- 25 Jun 1876: Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer and all of his men are killed in the Battle of Little Big Horn.SIMag NPS
- 31 Jul 1876: The Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction is founded in New Bedford, Massachusetts, later to become the United States Coast Guard Academy.MassMoments SPW
- 1 Aug 1876: Colorado becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 19 Sep 1876: Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper.BH GooglePatents
- 9 Oct 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson have the first "long distance" telephone conversation.Atlantic UILibs
- 7 Nov 1876: Rutherford Birchard Hayes is elected the 19th president of the United States of America, 1877 - 1881.USEA
- 23 Nov 1876: After being captured in Spain, "Boss" Tweed is delivered to authorities in New York City.History.com
- 5 Dec 1876: Daniel C. Stillson of Somerville, Massachusetts receives a patent for the first practical wrench used in plumbing applications.DATAMP GooglePatents
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| 43 | 1877 |
- 8 Jan 1877: Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their final losing battle against the U. S. Cavalry in Montana.History.com ICT
- 13 Mar 1877: 15 year old Chester Greenfield of Farmington, Maine patents the earmuff.MIT ME
- 6 May 1877: Due to constant harassment by the U. S. Army and a shortage of food, Crazy Horse finally surrenders.ALMCC AHC
- 24 Jul 1877: For the first time, federal troops are used against striking workers.POLITICO WVCulture
- 5 Sep 1877: Crazy Horse is killed.CHM NPS
- 21 Nov 1877: Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a way to record and play back sound. History.com
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| 44 | 1878 |
- 11 Feb 1878: The first bicycle club in the U. S. is formed - the Boston Bicycle Club.1878 ASU
- 12 Feb 1878: Fred Thayer, the captain of the Harvard baseball team, receives a patent for his invention - the catcher's mask.MLB NBHoF
- 19 Feb 1878: Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.LoC Signals
- 21 Feb 1878: The first telephone book is produced in New Haven, Connecticut.OTB SIMag
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| 45 | 1879 |
- 18 Feb 1879: A design patent is granted for the Statue of Liberty.GIZMODO MIT
- 3 Mar 1879: The United States Geological Survey is established.USGS USCapitol
- 8 Apr 1879: Milk is sold for the first time in glass containers.W I R E D CI
- 10 May 1879: The Archaeological Institute of America is founded in Boston.GoogleBooks AIA
- 31 Dec 1879: Thomas Edison demonstrates the incandescent light bulb to the public.LoC HFM
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| 46 | 1880 |
- 27 Jan 1880: Thomas Edison receives his patent for the incandescent light bulb.OurDocs USNA
- 3 Jun 1880: Alexander Graham Bell transmits the first wireless telephone message on his newly invented photophone.LoC Vice
- 2 Nov 1880: James Abram Garfield is elected the 20th president of the United States of America. Garfield is wounded by an assassin's bullet on 3 Jul 1881 and dies on 19 Sep 1881.USEA USHouse
- 6 Nov 1880: Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, a French army surgeon, discovers the malaria parasite.CDC NIH
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| 47 | 1881 |
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| 48 | 1882 |
- 24 Mar 1882: Robert Koch, a German physician and scientist, announces his discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB).CDC PBS
- 29 Mar 1882: The Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization, is founded in New Haven, Connecticut.CTHist KoC
- 5 Jun 1882: The baggage claim check as it exists today is patented.WK CIPO
- 4 Sep 1882: The Edison Electric Illuminating Company at 257 Pearl Street in New York City begins providing eletricity to homes and businesses.JAIA ETHW
- 22 Dec 1882: For the first time, a Christmas tree is decorated using a string of electric lights.W I R E D DLG
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| 49 | 1883 |
- 19 Jan 1883: The first electrical transmission system utilizing overhead wires is put in place by Thomas Edison.fold3 USSI
- 24 May 1883: The Brooklyn Bridge opens to the public.LoC BWH
- 26 Aug 1883: Krakatoa begins erupting.ArcGIS NOAA
- 27 Aug 1883: Krakatoa blows its top, making the loudest noise ever heard, then collapses into a caldera.Nautilus NOAA
- 22 Oct 1883: The Metropolitan Opera House opens in New York City.LoC NYPAP
- 18 Nov 1883: Canadian and U. S. railroads standardize on five time zones.W I R E D TCE
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| 50 | 1884 |
- 16 Jun 1884: The first amusement-park roller coaster ride in America opens at Coney Island.W I R E D WB
- 13 Oct 1884: The Greenwich meridian is officially adopted globally as the prime meridian, the imaginary north-south line where the longitude is 0 degrees.W I R E D MAA
- 14 Oct 1884: George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film.PatentYogi Eastman
- 1 Nov 1884: Greenwich Mean Time is adopted universally when the International Meridian Conference meets in Washington, DC.GMT OFA
- 4 Nov 1884: Stephen Grover Cleveland is elected the 22nd president of the United States of America, 1885 - 1889.USEA
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| 51 | 1885 |
- 28 Feb 1885: The American Telephone and Telegraph Company, or AT&T, is chartered in New York.A-C GPM
- 26 Mar 1885: In Saskatchewan, Louis Riel leads the local Métis people and farmers for control of Fort Carlton beginning the North-West Resistance against Canada.CFP EoS
- 15 Apr 1885: Cree Uprising - 200 Anishinabe soldiers attack Fort Pitt, commanded by Francis Dickens, son of Charles Dickens, in western Saskatchewan.A-H CMA
- 17 Jun 1885: The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor on board the French Navy ship Isère.NPS IBTimes
- 30 Aug 1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the first gas-engined motorcycle.W I R E D IH
- 1 Dec 1885: Dr Pepper® is served for the first time at a drugstore in Waco, Texas.WH BH
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| 52 | 1886 |
- 20 Mar 1886: Shops and hotels are lit up along Main Street in Great Barrington, Massachusetts as a demonstration of AC electricity's capabilities. HMdb WM
- 4 May 1886: A peaceful labor demonstration erupts into violence and death at Haymarket Square in Chicago.ILHS PBS
- 8 May 1886: After John Pemberton invents Coca-Cola earlier in the year, the first sales are made at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta.Coca-Cola LoC
- 31 Aug 1886: The largest earthquake in South Carolina history occurs.EARTH USC
- 4 Sep 1886: Geronimo finally surrenders in Skeleton Canyon, Arizona.AO ICT
- 28 Oct 1886: The Statue of Liberty is dedicated.SoL NPS
- 30 Nov 1886: The Westinghouse Electrical Company begins the first commercially successful transmission of A/C electricity.Google Books ETHW
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| 53 | 1887 |
- 2 Feb 1887: Groundhog Day! Six more weeks of winter if Punxsutawney Phil sees his shadow.GD 3RP
- 8 Feb 1887: The Dawes Act grants land to individual Native Americans.OurDocs PBS
- 27 Apr 1887: The first deliberate appendectomy in the U. S. is performed.GoogleBooks BMJ
- 27 May 1887: 34 Chinese gold miners are murdered on the Snake River.AM LT
- 8 Jun 1887: Herman Hollerith files for a patent for the punch card.WDN GooglePatents
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| 54 | 1888 |
- 27 Jan 1888: The National Geographic Society is incorporated. WHP
- 11 Mar 1888—14 Mar 1888: The Great Blizzard of March 1888 or the Great White Hurricane, hits the northeastern United States.HI LoC
- 22 Sep 1888: The National Geographic Society begins publishing its magazine. Biblio
- 30 Oct 1888: John J. Loud of Weymouth, Massachusetts receives the first patent for a ball-point pen.Pens tBPP
- 6 Nov 1888: Benjamin Harrison is elected the 23rd president of the United States of America, 1889 - 1893.USEA
- 9 Dec 1888: Statistician Herman Hollerith's computing device is installed at the U. S. War Department.RJ GoogleBooks
- 23 Dec 1888: Artist Vincent Van Gogh cuts off his ear.SIMag VGG
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1837 - 1888 (51 years)