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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1613 |
- 21 Feb 1613—15 Mar 1917: The Romanov Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia, begins when 16 year old Mikhail Romanov is elected as Czar.Russiapedia Hillwood
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| 2 | 1760 |
- 25 Oct 1760—29 Jan 1820: George III. Ruler of England 1760-1820. House of Hanover: Grandson of George II, married Charlotte of Mecklenburg.HistoricUK LoC
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| 3 | 1784 |
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| 4 | 1785 |
- 7 Jan 1785: The first international flight occurs when Blanchard and Jeffries fly a balloon across the English Channel.StratoCat SI
- 6 Jul 1785: Congress adopts "dollar" as the U. S. currency name.LoC LCC
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| 5 | 1786 |
- 8 Jun 1786: The first advertisement for commercially-made ice cream in the U. S. is published in the New York Post Boy.NYTimes OAA
- 8 Aug 1786: The value of a dollar is established by the U. S. Congress.LoC USHouse
- 29 Aug 1786: An armed uprising, Shays' Rebellion, begins in western Massachusetts when foreclosure processes are allowed to move forward against farmers who had previously served their country.STCC LH
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| 6 | 1787 |
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| 7 | 1788 |
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| 8 | 1789 |
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| 9 | 1790 |
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| 10 | 1791 |
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| 11 | 1792 |
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| 12 | 1793 |
- 21 Jan 1793: Louis XVI, the last King of France, is executed by guillotine.LEF LoC
- 12 Sep 1793: Due to an outbreak of yellow fever, Philadelphia is quarantined.PBS IA
- 18 Sep 1793: The cornerstone to the U. S. Capitol building is laid by George Washington.USSenate AoC
- 16 Oct 1793: Marie-Antoinette is beheaded.CdV SIMag
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| 13 | 1794 |
- 4 Feb 1794: France abolishes slavery in all of its colonies.GMU LoC
- 14 Mar 1794: Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin.OurDocs MassMoments
- 23 Jun 1794: Jews are once again allowed to settle in Kiev, by order of Catherine the Great, expanding the Pale of Settlement.NJOP SL
- 1 Aug 1794—25 Sep 1794: The Whiskey Rebellion occurs after Congress attempts to levy an excise tax on distilled goods.ABT PSU
- 26 Aug 1794: U. S. President Washington decides it's time to put down the Whiskey Rebellion.ORO LoC
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| 14 | 1795 |
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| 15 | 1796 |
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| 16 | 1797 |
- 10 Mar 1797: Thomas Jefferson presents a scientific paper on a Megalonyx fossil to the American Philosophical Society that is considered the first American contribution to vertebrate paleontology.USNA SA
- 2 May 1797: Lorenzo Carter becomes the first permanent settler of Cleveland.CH TCD
- 21 Oct 1797: USS Constitution, "Old Ironsides", is launched.MassMoments UCM
- 22 Oct 1797: Frenchman André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump.TiS LoC
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| 17 | 1798 |
- 14 Jul 1798: The Sedition Act becomes federal law, endangering liberty in the fragile new nation.OurDocs BoRI
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| 18 | 1799 |
- 19 Jul 1799: The Rosetta Stone is found.tST ET
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| 19 | 1800 |
- 24 Apr 1800: President John Adams approves $5,000 for the purchase of "such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress" - the Library of Congress.LoC FedReg
- 1 Nov 1800: John Adams moves into the White House, the first President to do so.Whitehouse WHHA
- 17 Nov 1800: The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D. C.USSenate
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| 20 | 1801 |
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| 21 | 1802 |
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| 22 | 1803 |
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| 23 | 1804 |
- 26 Mar 1804: U. S. Congress allows for the "voluntary" removal of Indians east of the Mississippi River to Louisiana Territory in exchange for land, setting the stage for the Trail of Tears.Avalon USNA
- 14 May 1804: Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and the Corps of Discovery begin their westward expedition.USArmy USBoR
- 11 Jul 1804: Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton have a pistol duel. Burr is unscathed, Hamilton dies the next day from his injuries.PBS LoC
- 10 Oct 1804: A "snow hurricane" strikes Massachusetts.MassMoments NEHS
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| 24 | 1805 |
- 18 Nov 1805: Lewis and Clark reach the Pacific.L&C
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| 25 | 1806 |
- 23 Sep 1806: Lewis and Clark complete their expedition.NPS SIMag
- 7 Oct 1806: Ralph Wedgwood receives the first patent for carbon paper.W I R E D
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| 26 | 1807 |
- 2 Mar 1807: Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves is passed through the U. S. Congress in order to stop any new slaves being brought into the country.Avalon USState
- 25 Mar 1807: The slave trade is abolished in Great BritainGovTrack Canada
- 17 Aug 1807: Robert Fulton's steamboat, Clermont, begins its first successful trip up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany.PBS OHC
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| 27 | 1808 |
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| 28 | 1810 |
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| 29 | 1811 |
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| 30 | 1812 |
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| 31 | 1813 |
- 16 Apr 1813: The first order for a product made with interchangeable parts in the U. S. goes to Simeon North, a pistol manufacturer in Berlin, Connecticut.W I R E D ASoAC
- 10 Sep 1813: The U. S. Fleet defeats the British Royal Navy in the Battle of Lake Erie.OHC NPS
- 26 Oct 1813: Canadian troops and their Mohawk allies win an important victory over invading American forces in the Battle of the Châteauguay.NPS MC
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| 32 | 1814 |
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| 33 | 1815 |
- 8 Jan 1815: An American force of 3000 men defeats a British force of around 8000 men in the Battle of New Orleans - even though the War of 1812 was already over with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.HBoNO LoC
- 10 Apr 1815: Mount Tambora begins the largest eruption in recorded history which causes the following year to be known as the "year without a summer".NASA SIMag
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| 34 | 1816 |
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| 35 | 1817 |
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| 36 | 1818 |
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| 37 | 1819 |
- 22 May 1819: The first steam powered vessel to cross the Atlantic, the S.S. Savannah, "put to sea with steam and sails" on a historic trip that would take her to England, Sweden and Russia with stops in Norway and Denmark before returning home.AAQ NSSavannah
- 23 Oct 1819: The first Protestant missionaries for Hawaii sail out of Boston. MassMoments TiCH
- 14 Dec 1819: Alabama becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
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| 38 | 1820 |
- 29 Jan 1820—26 Jun 1830: George IV. Ruler of England 1820-1830. House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811.HistoricUK
- 15 Mar 1820: Maine becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com MassMoments
- 28 Jun 1820: The tomato is demonstrated to be non-poisonous.GN B-F
- 20 Nov 1820: The whaling ship Essex is rammed and sunk by a sperm whale 2,000 miles off the west coast of South America, inspiring the novel Moby Dick by Herman Melville.W I R E D
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| 39 | 1821 |
- 7 Feb 1821: Captain John Davis, a seal hunter, is the first person to step foot in Antarctica.AC BHL
- 10 Aug 1821: Missouri becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 16 Nov 1821: The Santa Fe Trail opens for business.NPS SFT
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| 40 | 1822 |
- 30 Mar 1822: Florida becomes an official U. S. territory.USF SSHB
- 11 Sep 1822: The Catholic Church finally agrees with science and allows that the Earth revolves around the Sun.W I R E D FT
- 30 Sep 1822: Joseph Marion Hernández, born José Mariano Hernández, becomes the first Hispanic elected to Congress.USHouse USCongress
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| 41 | 1823 |
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| 42 | 1824 |
- 11 Mar 1824: The Bureau of Indian Affairs is established.BIA USNA
- 21 Oct 1824: Joseph Aspdin, a stone mason from Yorkshire, England, receives a patent for Portland cement.CK Nature
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| 43 | 1825 |
- 9 Feb 1825: John Quincy Adams is elected by Congress as the 6th president of the United States of America, 1825 - 1829.UVA LoC
- 11 May 1825: Gas lighting is installed along Broadway in New York City.TiS GoogleBooks
- 4 Jul 1825—1835: Ground is broken on the Farmington Canal and completed ten years later.CTHist FVTC
- 26 Oct 1825: The Erie Canal is completed.EC LoC
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| 44 | 1826 |
- 27 Nov 1826: John Walker invents the modern friction match.TiS BH
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| 45 | 1827 |
- 27 Feb 1827: A parade takes place during Mardi Gras in New Orleans beginning the tradition that continues today.History.com
- 7 Apr 1827: The first friction matches are sold by its inventor.MITTR S-o-T
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| 46 | 1828 |
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| 47 | 1829 |
- 2 Mar 1829: The Perkins School for the Blind is incorporated in Boston originally as New England Asylum for the Blind.MassMoments Perkins
- 17 Mar 1829: The Massachusetts Horticultural Society is organized with General Henry Dearborn elected its first president..GoogleBooks CA
- 16 Aug 1829: The original "Siamese Twins", Chang and Eng Bunker, arrive in Boston.CC Muse
- 29 Sep 1829: Scotland Yard begins operation.GAF AP
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| 48 | 1830 |
- 26 Mar 1830: The first printed copies of the Book of Mormon are available for sale in Palmyra, New York.DN PBS
- 6 Apr 1830: Joseph Smith and his followers organize the Church of Christ, the Mormon Church.LDS PBS
- 28 May 1830: The Indian Removal Act is signed into law.LoC SI
- 26 Jun 1830—20 Jun 1837: William IV. Ruler of England 1830-1837. House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.HistoricUK
- 28 Aug 1830: The superiority of steam-power is demonstrated when the first American built locomotive, Tom Thumb, races a horse-drawn B&O rail car.FHWA B&ORRM
- 15 Sep 1830: The first railroad fatality occurs when a member of Parliament, William Huskisson, steps in front of George Stephenson's Rocket at the opening of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway.AO tNM
- 29 Nov 1830—5 Oct 1831: The November Uprising begins when Poles rebel against Russian occupation.W&W GS
- 6 Dec 1830: The United States Naval Observatory is established, first as the Depot of Charts and Instruments.USNA NASA
- 25 Dec 1830: The Best Friend of Charleston begins the first regular passenger service in America.A-R SCM
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| 49 | 1831 |
- 10 Mar 1831: The French Foreign Legion is created.FFL FFL2
- 31 Mar 1831: Both Montréal and Québec City are incorporated.BiogCA Montreal
- 21 Aug 1831: Nat Turner begins a bloody slave revolt in Virginia.ZEP
- 29 Aug 1831: Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetism.APS EDN
- 27 Dec 1831: The H.M.S. Beagle, with a crew of seventy-three men, sets sail out of Plymouth, England. On board is a young naturalist named Charles Darwin. SA
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| 50 | 1833 |
- 27 Jun 1833: Prudence Crandall is arrested.NPS CTLib
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| 51 | 1835 |
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| 52 | 1836 |
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| 53 | 1837 |
- 26 Jan 1837: Michigan becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 25 Feb 1837: Thomas Davenport receives a patent for the first practical DC electric motor.W I R E D MagLab
- 24 Mar 1837: Black men are granted the right to vote in Canada.BF
- 5 Jun 1837: Houston, Texas is incorporated as a city.TSHA HPOU
- 20 Jun 1837—22 Jan 1901: Victoria. Ruler of England 1837-1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort.HistoricUK
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| 54 | 1838 |
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| 55 | 1839 |
- 24 Feb 1839: William Otis receives a patent for his steam shovel, a device that will shape the world.Google Books MFSW
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| 56 | 1840 |
- 20 Jun 1840: Samuel Morse patents a system of dots and dashes used for telegraph communication - Morse Code.W I R E D SIMag
- 2 Dec 1840: William Henry Harrison is elected the 9th president of the United States of America. He dies of pneumonia on 4 Apr 1841 - the first President to die in office.PG USEA
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| 57 | 1841 |
- 20 Jan 1841: China cedes Hong Kong to Britain which remains in British hands until 1997.History.com HK
- 4 Apr 1841: John Tyler becomes the 10th president of the United States of America upon the death of President William Henry Harrison. He serves from 1841 - 1845.WH LSU
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| 58 | 1842 |
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| 59 | 1843 |
- 1 Feb 1843: MONY, the oldest continuous writer of insurance policies in the U. S. begins operation.FU 1Lib
- 19 Jul 1843: The SS Great Britain, the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic, is launched in Bristol, England.Nature ASME
- 13 Oct 1843: The B'nai B'rith is founded in New York City.PM B'nai B'rith
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| 60 | 1844 |
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| 61 | 1845 |
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| 62 | 1846 |
- 4 Feb 1846—13 Jun 1846: Brigham Young and 3000 Mormons leave Nauvoo, Illinois on the first leg of their journey, heading for Utah.PBS NPS
- 25 Apr 1846—2 Feb 1848: Mexican-American War 1846-1848.AHC PBS
- 13 May 1846: President James K. Polk signs a declaration of war against Mexico.UVA USState
- 14 Jun 1846: Anglo-Californians rebel against Mexican rule in the Bear Flag Revolt.BFM NPS
- 10 Aug 1846: The Smithsonian Institute is founded.SI USNA
- 10 Sep 1846: Elias Howe Jr. patents his sewing machine.ASME SI
- 23 Sep 1846: The planet Neptune is discovered.EarthSky" Astronomy
- 30 Sep 1846: Dentist William Morton uses ether to anesthetize a patient in Boston which begins its use for general anesthesia.W I R E D ASA
- 28 Dec 1846: Iowa becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
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| 63 | 1847 |
- 4 Jan 1847: Samuel Colt makes the first sale of his revolver to the U. S. government.History.com UTX
- 13 Jan 1847: The signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga puts an end to the fighting in the Mexican-American War in California.KCET NXTGOV
- 9 Mar 1847—29 Mar 1847: The American military attack the Mexican city of Veracruz.SotS UTA
- 5 Apr 1847—24 Jul 1847: Brigham Young leads the first Mormon wagon train bound for Utah on the final leg of their journey.Utah NPS
- 5 May 1847: The American Medical Association is founded.NEJM AMJMS
- 1 Oct 1847: Maria Mitchell is the first American to record a comet sighting.NEHS Nature
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| 64 | 1848 |
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| 65 | 1849 |
- 23 Jan 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman in the U. S. to receive a medical doctorate.NIH LoC
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| 66 | 1850 |
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| 67 | 1851 |
- 12 Aug 1851: Isaac Merritt Singer is granted a patent for a sewing machine.SI PG
- 22 Aug 1851: The yacht America wins the first America's Cup.LoC NYYC
- 14 Nov 1851: Moby Dick is first published in the U. S..Melville NBWM
- 24 Dec 1851: A fire at the Library of Congress destroys nearly two thirds of the books purchased from Thomas Jefferson.LoC AoC
- 29 Dec 1851: The first American YMCA is founded in the Old South Church in Boston, Massachusetts.YMCA UMN
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| 68 | 1852 |
- 16 Feb 1852: Henry and Clement Studebaker found a blacksmith and wagon building business, the company that will eventually produce that famous car.MotorTrend SILib
- 20 Mar 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published.NCC SIMag
- 28 Apr 1852: The first municipal electric fire alarm system using call boxes with automatic signaling to indicate the location of a fire was placed into operation in Boston, Massachusetts.ETHW CI
- 2 Nov 1852: Franklin Pierce is elected the 14th president of the United States of America, 1853 - 1857.NEHS KCET
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| 69 | 1853 |
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| 70 | 1854 |
- 28 Mar 1854—1 Apr 1856: Britain and France declare war on Russia beginning their involvement in the Crimean War.SLSA HK
- 29 Apr 1854: The Ashmun Institute, the first black college, is chartered in Pennsylvania.Lincoln Columbia
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| 71 | 1855 |
- 28 Jan 1855: A train runs from the Atlantic Ocean across the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean for the first time.PCM SBH&RM
- 8 Mar 1855: The first train crosses the Niagara Railway Suspension Bridge, the first such bridge in the U. S..NFT NG
- 2 Jun 1855: The Portland Rum Riot begins.MHS NEHS
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| 72 | 1856 |
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| 73 | 1857 |
- 23 Mar 1857: Elisha Otis installs the first modern passenger elevator in a public building, at a department store in New York City.W I R E D TIME
- 19 May 1857: An electromagnetic fire alarm telegraph system is patented by William Channing of Boston and Moses Farmer of Salem, Massachusetts.SI GP
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| 74 | 1858 |
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| 75 | 1859 |
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| 76 | 1860 |
- 22 Feb 1860: More than 20,000 shoemakers go on strike in Lynn, Massachusetts.MassMoments PEM
- 3 Apr 1860—26 Oct 1861: The Pony Express mail delivery service is established.PX NPX
- 29 Jun 1860: The final stone is laid completing the Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, still in use today.US-L H2G2
- 18 Jul 1860: The first photographs of a solar eclipse are taken.HA EclipseMaps
- 6 Nov 1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th president of the United States of America, 1861 - 1865.SIMag LoC
- 20 Dec 1860: Confederate States begin to secede from the Union.Tulane SI
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| 77 | 1861 |
- 29 Jan 1861: Kansas becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 4 Feb 1861: The Confederate States of America is formed.CWH LoVA
- 18 Feb 1861: Jefferson Davis becomes the President of the Confederate States of America.ACW LoC
- 19 Feb 1861: Serfdom is abolished in Russia by Alexander II.SHU LoC
- 28 Feb 1861—1 Aug 1876: Colorado Territory is organized.COEnc Politico
- 12 Apr 1861—14 Apr 1861: Fort Sumter is attacked.
NPS
LoC
- 21 Jul 1861: The first major land battle of the Civil War occurs, the first Battle of Bull Run.USSenate ABT
- 5 Aug 1861: President Abraham Lincoln imposes the first income tax in order to afford the Civil War.NCC NPS
- 19 Nov 1861: The U. S. exports its first oil shipments to London.AOGHS
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| 78 | 1862 |
- 9 Mar 1862: The first naval engagement between ironclad ships, the USS Monitor fights the CSS Virginia to a draw.ACW NPS
- 8 Apr 1862: John D. Lynde receives the first patent for an aerosol dispenser.DC GooglePatents
- 20 Apr 1862: The first pasteurization test, aimed at disproving the theory of spontaneous generation and proving food could be preserved by applied heat, is completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard.HP AZDHS
- 29 Apr 1862: Union Admiral David Farragut forces the surrender of New Orleans, Louisiana.History.com HoW
- 15 May 1862: The United States Department of Agriculture is established.USDA USNA
- 1 Jul 1862: The Revenue Act of 1862 establishes the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, what will become the IRS in 1918.USNA Treasury
- 4 Nov 1862: Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun ushering in the age of high powered weaponry.IN GooglePatents
- 5 Nov 1862: More than 300 Santee Sioux are sentenced to hang in Minnesota.History.com NDStudies
- 13 Dec 1862: Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee defeat the Union forces under Ambrose Burnside, who abandoned his campaign 2 days later.LoC ABT
- 26 Dec 1862: 38 members of the Sioux nation are executed in Mankato, Minnesota in the largest mass hanging in U. S. history.UNA UDM
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| 79 | 1863 |
- 1 Jan 1863: The Emancipation Proclamation is issued.USNA OurDocs
- 10 Jan 1863: The first stretch of the London Underground opens.Telegraph DM
- 3 Mar 1863: The National Academy of Sciences is established.NAS Harvard
- 20 Jun 1863: West Virginia becomes a state.ThoughtCo 50States.com
- 1 Jul 1863—3 Jul 1863: Confederate forces meet Union forces at the Battle of Gettysburg.NPS ABT
- 13 Jul 1863: The New York City Draft Riots begin.UChicago CUNY
- 17 Sep 1863—18 Sep 1863: The Battle of Antietam gives the Union a "victory", even though it is militarily a draw.ABT NPS
- 3 Oct 1863: Lincoln issues his Thanksgiving Day Proclamation establishing Thanksgiving as the last Thursday in November.NPS WAPO
- 19 Nov 1863: President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address.LoC
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| 80 | 1864 |
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| 81 | 1865 |
- 1 Feb 1865: President Abraham Lincoln signs the 13th Amendment which abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.LoC OurDocs
- 8 Feb 1865: Gregor Mendel first presents his works on plant hybridization.Nature NIH
- 9 Apr 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant at the Appomattox Court House ending the Civil War.LoC USNA
- 14 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre.LoC Ford's
- 15 Apr 1865: President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot by John Wilkes Booth the previous day.PBS LoC
- 15 Apr 1865: Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th president of the United States of America upon President Lincoln's death. He serves from 1865 - 1869.NPS LoC
- 9 May 1865: Dr. Richard Gatling receives a patent for his machine gun.USNA SAWar
- 2 Jun 1865: Confederate forces west of the Mississippi sign the terms of surrender, officially ending the Civil War.NPS DC
- 19 Jun 1865: Union soldiers land at Galveston, Texas with news that the Civil War was over and that the enslaved were now free.SI PBS
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| 82 | 1866 |
- 27 Jul 1866: Cyrus W. Field finally succeeds in laying the first working trans-Atlantic Telegraph cable from Ireland to Newfoundland.N&LH PBS
- 6 Oct 1866: The Reno brothers pull off the first train robbery in the United States.History.com
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| 83 | 1867 |
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| 84 | 1868 |
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| 85 | 1869 |
- 11 Jan 1869: The synthesis of alizarin, the standard for red dyes and pigments, is announced as it is also being prepared in front of the audience.GoogleBooks
- 26 Feb 1869: Physician Friedrich Miescher reports that he isolated DNA from white blood cells, naming it nuclein.SciDir RalfDahm
- 6 Mar 1869: Dmitri Mendeleev presents his Periodic Table of Elements to the Russian Chemical Society.PopSci BYLib
- 10 May 1869: The first transcontinental railroad is complete when the Union and Central Pacific Railroads join rails in Promontory Summit, Utah.W-F CA
- 23 Jul 1869: The French-Atlantic cable is landed at Duxbury, Massachusetts.DRHS DH
- 16 Oct 1869: The Cardiff Giant, a 10 foot petrified body of a man, is "discovered" in Cardiff, New York.WRVO Hoaxes
- 3 Nov 1869: Ulysses S. Grant is elected the 18th president of the United States of America, 1869 - 1877.USEA
- 28 Dec 1869: William Semple of Mount Vernon, Ohio receives a patent for chewing gum.OHC OTC
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1653 - 1735 (82 years)