| 1582 | | 4 Oct:
The Gregorian calendar is introduced. The next day is October 15th.Britannica UFL |
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| 1587 | |
| 1603 | | 24 Mar:
James I Ruler of England 1603-1625. House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.HistoricUK |
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| 1618 | | 23 May:
The Thirty Years War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, is initiated when the Holy Roman Emperor attempts to force Catholicism on most of Europe, and ends with the Peace of Westphalia.OSU CT |
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| 1625 | | 27 Mar:
Charles I. Ruler of England 1625-1649. House of Stuart: Only surviving son of James I; beheaded Jan 30, 1649.HistoricUK |
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| 1649 | | 30 Jan:
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1649-1658. Commonwealth & Protectorate.HistoricUK |
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| 1650 | |
| 1658 | | 3 Sep:
Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1658-1659. Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver. Resigned May 25, 1659.HistoricUK |
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| 1660 | | 29 May:
Charles II. Ruler of England 1660-1685. House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649.HistoricUK |
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| 1685 | | 6 Feb:
James II. Ruler of England 1685-1689. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.HistoricUK |
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| 1689 | | 4 Nov:
William III and Mary II. Rulers of England 1689-1702. House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.HistoricUK |
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| 1702 | | 8 Mar:
Anne. Ruler of England 1702-1714. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs.HistoricUK |
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| 1714 | | 1 Aug:
George I. Ruler of England 1714-1727. House of Hanover: Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sophia, grand-daughter of James I. Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement.HistoricUK |
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| 1727 | | 11 Jun:
George II. Ruler of England 1727-1760. House of Hanover: Only son of George I, married Caroline of Brandenburg.HistoricUK |
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| 1752 | | 14 Sep:
The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar.CSL CalWiz |
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| 1760 | | 25 Oct:
George III. Ruler of England 1760-1820. House of Hanover: Grandson of George II, married Charlotte of Mecklenburg.HistoricUK LoC |
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| 1769 | | 5 Jan:
James Watt patents his much improved steam engine.ACS WoWE |
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| 1807 | |
| 1816 | |
The previous year, Mt. Tambora erupted producing so much ash and gas the sunlight was blocked from warming the earth causing the "Year Without Summer".USGS |
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| 1820 | | 29 Jan:
George IV. Ruler of England 1820-1830. House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811.HistoricUK |
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| 1830 | | 26 Jun:
William IV. Ruler of England 1830-1837. House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.HistoricUK |
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| 1837 | | 20 Jun:
Victoria. Ruler of England 1837-1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort.HistoricUK |
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| 1841 | | 20 Jan:
China cedes Hong Kong to Britain which remains in British hands until 1997.History.com HK |
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| 1854 | | 28 Mar:
Britain and France declare war on Russia beginning their involvement in the Crimean War.SLSA HK |
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| 1898 | | 30 May:
Superman beware, Krypton is discovered.JLab NIH |
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| 1901 | | 22 Jan:
Edward VII. Ruler of England 1901-1910. House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Eldest son of Victoria, married Alexandra, Princess of Denmark.HistoricUK |
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| 1906 | | 3 Nov:
The distress signal S.O.S. becomes the worldwide standard at the 2nd International Radiotelegraphic Convention.SIMag GA&C |
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| 1910 | | 6 May:
George V. Ruler of England 1910-1936. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of Edward VII, married Princess Mary of Teck. Accession, Jan 20, abdication, Dec 10.HistoricUK |
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| 1914 | |
| 1918 | | Feb:
The Spanish Flu pandemic kills at least 3% of the World's population.VLib npr |
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| 1919 | |
| 1928 | | 28 Sep:
Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.NIH PBS |
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| 1933 | | 12 Nov:
Hugh Gray takes the first photograph of the Loch Ness Monster.Nessie Hoaxes |
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| 1936 | | 20 Jan:
Edward VIII. Ruler of England 1936. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): Eldest son of George V.HistoricUK |
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| | 11 Dec:
George VI. Ruler of England 1936-1952. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of George V, Duke of York; married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.HistoricUK |
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| 1939 | |
| 1944 | | 16 Dec:
The Battle of the Bulge, a surprise offensive by the German Army pushes Allied forces back through Belgium and Luxembourg.USArmy PBS |
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| 1945 | | 7 May:
Germany unconditionally surrenders, effectively ending World War II in Western Europe. Soviet surrender terms were signed the next day.DoD USHMM |
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| |
| | 24 Oct:
The United Nations is established.UN USState |
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| 1949 | | 4 Apr:
NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is founded.USNA Avalon |
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| 1952 | | 6 Feb:
Elizabeth II. Ruler of England 1952-present.House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): Elder daughter of George VI, acceded Feb 6, 1956.HistoricUK |
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| | 15 Jul:
The first transatlantic helicopter flight begins.RH PP |
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| 1954 | | 29 Sep:
The CERN Convention is entered into force.CERN SA |
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| 1956 | | 25 Sep:
The first transatlantic telephone is opened for business.CBC A-C |
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| 1982 | | 17 Apr:
Canada becomes fully independent from Britain.CMoH CA |
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| 1988 | | 21 Dec:
Pan Am Flight 103 explodes over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 270 people.SUA FBI |
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| 1996 | | 5 Jul:
Dolly the sheep, the first successfully cloned mammal, is born.SA G&S |
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| 2005 | | 14 Jan:
The Huygens probe successfully lands on Saturn's largest moon Titan - the only landing to take place in the outer Solar System and the furthest from Earth.esa NASA |
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| | 18 Jan:
The world's largest passenger plane, the Airbus A380, is unveiled in France.Airbus AW |
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