| 1272 | | 19 Aug:
Edward I Longshanks. Ruler of England 1272-1307. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III.HistoricUK |
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| 1307 | |
Edward II. Ruler of England 1307-1327. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 1327.HistoricUK |
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| 1327 | |
Edward III of Windsor. Ruler of England 1327-1377. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II.HistoricUK |
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| 1377 | |
Richard II. Ruler of England 1377-1399. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament.HistoricUK |
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| 1399 | |
Henry IV. Ruler of England 1399-1413. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliment as successor to Richard II.HistoricUK |
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| 1413 | |
Henry V. Ruler of England 1413-1422. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt.HistoricUK |
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| 1422 | |
Henry VI. Ruler of England 1422-1461. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461 by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower.HistoricUK |
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| 1461 | |
Edward IV. Ruler of England 1461-1483. House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York.HistoricUK |
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| 1483 | | 9 Apr:
Edward V. Ruler of England 4/9/1483-6/25/1483. House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.HistoricUK |
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| 1485 | |
Henry VII Gaunt. Ruler of England 1485-1508. House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through his mother, Mary Beaufort, via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York.HistoricUK |
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| 1509 | |
Henry VIII. Ruler of England 1509-1547. House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.HistoricUK |
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| 1547 | |
Edward VI. Ruler of England 1547-1553. House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents. Was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor. Council of State proclaimed her queen July 10, 1553. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553. Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason, Feb 1554.HistoricUK |
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| 1553 | |
Mary I. Ruler of England 1553-1558 House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon.HistoricUK |
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| 1558 | | 17 Nov:
Elizabeth I. Ruler of England 1558-1603. House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn.HistoricUK E1 |
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| 1603 | | 24 Mar:
James I Ruler of England 1603-1625. House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.HistoricUK |
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| 1625 | | 27 Mar:
Charles I. Ruler of England 1625-1649. House of Stuart: Only surviving son of James I; beheaded Jan 30, 1649.HistoricUK |
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| 1649 | | 30 Jan:
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1649-1658. Commonwealth & Protectorate.HistoricUK |
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| 1658 | | 3 Sep:
Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1658-1659. Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver. Resigned May 25, 1659.HistoricUK |
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| 1660 | | 29 May:
Charles II. Ruler of England 1660-1685. House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649.HistoricUK |
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| 1685 | | 6 Feb:
James II. Ruler of England 1685-1689. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.HistoricUK |
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| 1689 | | 4 Nov:
William III and Mary II. Rulers of England 1689-1702. House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.HistoricUK |
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| 1702 | | 8 Mar:
Anne. Ruler of England 1702-1714. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs.HistoricUK |
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| 1714 | | 1 Aug:
George I. Ruler of England 1714-1727. House of Hanover: Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sophia, grand-daughter of James I. Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement.HistoricUK |
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| 1727 | | 11 Jun:
George II. Ruler of England 1727-1760. House of Hanover: Only son of George I, married Caroline of Brandenburg.HistoricUK |
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| 1752 | | 14 Sep:
The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar.CSL CalWiz |
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| 1760 | | 25 Oct:
George III. Ruler of England 1760-1820. House of Hanover: Grandson of George II, married Charlotte of Mecklenburg.HistoricUK LoC |
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| 1807 | |
| 1816 | |
The previous year, Mt. Tambora erupted producing so much ash and gas the sunlight was blocked from warming the earth causing the "Year Without Summer".USGS |
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| 1820 | | 29 Jan:
George IV. Ruler of England 1820-1830. House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811.HistoricUK |
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| 1830 | | 26 Jun:
William IV. Ruler of England 1830-1837. House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.HistoricUK |
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| 1837 | | 20 Jun:
Victoria. Ruler of England 1837-1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort.HistoricUK |
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| 1841 | | 20 Jan:
China cedes Hong Kong to Britain which remains in British hands until 1997.History.com HK |
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| 1854 | | 28 Mar:
Britain and France declare war on Russia beginning their involvement in the Crimean War.SLSA HK |
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| 1901 | | 22 Jan:
Edward VII. Ruler of England 1901-1910. House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Eldest son of Victoria, married Alexandra, Princess of Denmark.HistoricUK |
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| 1906 | | 3 Nov:
The distress signal S.O.S. becomes the worldwide standard at the 2nd International Radiotelegraphic Convention.SIMag GA&C |
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| 1910 | | 6 May:
George V. Ruler of England 1910-1936. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of Edward VII, married Princess Mary of Teck. Accession, Jan 20, abdication, Dec 10.HistoricUK |
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| 1914 | |
| 1918 | | Feb:
The Spanish Flu pandemic kills at least 3% of the World's population.VLib npr |
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| 1919 | |
| 1936 | | 20 Jan:
Edward VIII. Ruler of England 1936. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): Eldest son of George V.HistoricUK |
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| | 11 Dec:
George VI. Ruler of England 1936-1952. House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): 2nd son of George V, Duke of York; married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.HistoricUK |
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| 1939 | |
| 1944 | | 16 Dec:
The Battle of the Bulge, a surprise offensive by the German Army pushes Allied forces back through Belgium and Luxembourg.USArmy PBS |
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| 1945 | | 7 May:
Germany unconditionally surrenders, effectively ending World War II in Western Europe. Soviet surrender terms were signed the next day.DoD USHMM |
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| |
| | 24 Oct:
The United Nations is established.UN USState |
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| 1949 | | 4 Apr:
NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is founded.USNA Avalon |
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| 1952 | | 6 Feb:
Elizabeth II. Ruler of England 1952-present.House of Windsor (name adopted Jul 17, 1917): Elder daughter of George VI, acceded Feb 6, 1956.HistoricUK |
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| 1954 | | 29 Sep:
The CERN Convention is entered into force.CERN SA |
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| 1982 | | 17 Apr:
Canada becomes fully independent from Britain.CMoH CA |
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| 2005 | | 14 Jan:
The Huygens probe successfully lands on Saturn's largest moon Titan - the only landing to take place in the outer Solar System and the furthest from Earth.esa NASA |
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| | 18 Jan:
The world's largest passenger plane, the Airbus A380, is unveiled in France.Airbus AW |
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